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There are different ways that one can be trained to behave in a certain way. a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away, a monocular cues for perceiving depth; whereby larger objects are perceived as closer than smaller ones, as we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move, if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer, parallel lines appear to converge with distance, perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change, brain sees continuous movement in a rapid series of images, shrinking objects perceived as retreating; enlarging objects seen as approaching, an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, Tendency to see an object as the same shape no matter what angle it is viewed from, seeing an object as being the same size when viewed at different distances, perceive an object as having a constant lightness even while illumination varies, the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions, in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field, a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. Which line looks longer in the image above? You may complete a fourth assignment for extra credit. the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude. 4Tests.com - Your free, practice test site for a Free, Practice CLEP Psychology Exam Used in operant conditioning research, an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows, increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. mcgraw hill introduction to psychology practice tests Nov 09, 2020 Posted By Sidney Sheldon Ltd TEXT ID 653ffd2a Online PDF Ebook Epub Library introduction to psychology practice tests by r april 28th 2018 mcgraw hill s connect is a web based assignment and assessment platform that helps you connect your Back in the days, many psychologists relied on the a chamber also known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking. analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment, learning that certain event occur togather, a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events, a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific feature of the stimulus such as shape, angle, or movement. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. Start studying Introduction to Psychology (Exam 1) Psychology exam 1 quizlet. Organizing and interpreting sensory information to able us to recognize meaningful objects & events. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 418), mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. 2. This exam covers material from Introduction through Learning. Chapter 1: How to Learn Psychology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. You are not allowed to use notes, equation sheets, books or any other aids. The exam should be completed in 90 minutes. Intro to Psychology Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards | Quizlet. Psychology Intro 2 Flashcard Maker: Kaitlin Obrien. 56 Cards – 2 Decks – 2 Learners Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information. Emphasis is placed on principles of learning and cognition, teaching methods and classroom management, child growth and development, and evaluation and assessment of learning. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ch.1-Ch.4. a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn, most widely used intelligence test; verbal and performance subtests, defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group, a symmetrical curve representing the normal distribution, the extent to which a test yields consistent results, the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to, the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks), The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior, (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound, a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome. Exams: There is a mid-term and a final. Course. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 413), impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to wernicke's area (impairing understanding), controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech, controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe, Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think. 2010: Practice Exam 2 Questions (PDF); Practice Exam 2 Solutions (PDF) 2009: Practice Exam 2 Questions (PDF); Practice Exam 2 Solutions (PDF) Exam. Quizlet: Intro to Psych’ Review (Chapter One) Travis Dixon September 2, 2017 Love and Marriage , Revision and Exam Preparation 2 Comments This quizlet is for the Introduction to Psychology (Chapter One of the student's guide) (image from wiki commons). Start studying Intro to Psychology Exam 2. Study of relationships between physical characteristics of stimuli. These optional practice questions and solutions are from prior years' exams. Learning by observing others., learning new behaviors or information by watching others. Reading Responses: Starting on the third week of class, you will submit a short reading response every week. Oh no! Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8. the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory, a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event, memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare", memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously, a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. Sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies. Study Introduction to ... psychology 107 test 4 (ch 7 & 9, lectures) 2011-06-27; psych midterm 2 2014-03-23; dis 1 - drugs and their effects 2012-02-12; the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. Here are the best resources to pass Developmental Psychology at La Salle University. the initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response. Exam 2 Questions (PDF) Exam 2 Solutions (PDF) The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously. the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes. This is a closed book exam. The final is on the last day of class. the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Dark = makes things appear father away. Exam 2 Questions (PDF) Exam 2 Solutions (PDF) Constraints on learning that suggested to later behaviorists that learning is constrained by an animal's biology. two identically-sized lines appear to be different sizes when placed over parallel lines that seem to converge as they recede into the distance. Ciccarelli & G.E. Introduction to Social Psychology Chapter Exam Instructions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. University. For objects in the air however, the farther they appear to be above the horizon the closer they appear to be to us, when both eyes are looking at an object in the center of the visual field they must angle inward more sharply for a near object than for a distant object. The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. Once you are comfortable with the content of these sessions, you can review further by trying some of the practice questions before proceeding to the exam. CS about 1/2 second before us to prepare for the event. because our two eyes are a couple of inches apart they do not see the same view of three dimensional objects, especially when the object is close. a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score. 10/31/2015 Intro to Psychology: Exam 3 flashcards | Quizlet 1/77 Intro to Psychology: Exam 3 300 terms by ashleighstearns According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion _____ we notice our physiological arousal. the diminishing of a a conditioned response; occurs when an Unconditioned response does not follow a conditioned response. The chemical sense which perceives or distinguishes flavor. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 465). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. a general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. For example, if an image has no real depth on a flat page you perceive it as three dimensional because of the shadowing and highlighting, Objects farther away appear to move across the field of vision more slowly than do closer objects, a dog running through a distant field appears to move slowly, but it moves more quickly when the dog runs right in front of us, Water vapor and pollution in the air scatter light waves, giving distant objects a bluish, hazy appearance compared with nearby objects, THe shape of the lens of the eye must change to crocus the visual image on the retina from stimuli that are different distances from the eye; Kinesthetic receptors in the ciliary muscle, therefore, provide a source of info about the distance of different objects, when objects are on the ground the farther they appear to be below the horizon the closer they appear to be to us. The exam should be completed in 90 minutes. . 2017/2018 100% (32) Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception. Intro to Psychology Exam 2 - Quizlet. Behaviorist analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment 2015/2016 It includes basic facts, concepts, and generally accepted principles. See how attentive you were by taking up the test below. Access study documents, get answers to your study questions, and connect with real tutors for PSY 1100 : Intro to Psychology at Columbus State Community College. the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. Learn vocabulary, terms and more with flashcards, games and other study tools. Change in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language. In reality, both lines are exactly the same length, conscious dreamlike states of wishful fantasizing, the various classes of drugs including stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens that alter conscious experience, relaxed state of dreamlike awareness between wakefulness and sleep, an abrupt movement that sometimes occurs during the hypnagogic state in which the sleeper often experiences a sense of falling, Rapid-eye movement sleep, characterized by movement of the eyes under the lids; often accompanies dreams, autonomic nervous system goes into hyperdrive; blood flow to the brian increases; heartbeat becomes irregular; the muscles of the face and fingers twitch; breathing becomes irregular, Internally generated cycles lasting about 24 hours a day that regulate sleepiness and wakefulness, body temperature, and the secretion of some hormones; body temp falls just as your are beginning to feel sleepy and continues to fall until the middle of the sleep period, deprivation of the deepest part of non-REM sleep has much the same effect as loss of REM sleep; restorative role, If sleep was limited; the next day they were irritable, fatigued, inattentive, and inefficient; protective role (autonomic storm), REM sleep influences the rate of neurogenesis by activating the expression of genes that control changes in the connections between neurons that are involved in memory, short, faint impressions that contain no emotions and are rarely remembered;resembles the ordinary process of thinking"; where night terrors, sleep walking and talking occur, dream content that is sim liar to events in the person's waking life, a stimulus such as a cold back influences your dreams to think you're somewhere like the arctic, according to Freud, the literal meaning of dreams, according to Freud, the true meaning of dreams that is found in the symbols in their manifest content, classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, Modeling/Learning from others, stimulus that can elicit a response without any learning, Unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, stimulus that comes to elicit responses as a result of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, Response that is similar or identical to the unconditioned response that comes to be elicited by a conditioned stimulus, form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to elicit a conditioned response (CR) that is identical to or very similar to the unconditioned response, learning in which the consequences of behavior lead to changes in the probability of its occurrence, any consequence of behavior that leads to an increase in the probability of its occurrence, the passage of time between the response and the positive reinforcement that leads to reduced efficiency of operant conditioning, innate positive reinforcers that do not have to be acquired through learning, reinforcement that occurs when (1) a behavior is followed by the removal or the avoidance of a negative event and (2) the probability that the behavior will occur i the future increases as a result, a negative consequence of a behavior, which leads to a decrease in the frequency of the behavior that produces it, Fixed ratio schedule (positive reinforcement), reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given only after a specified number of responses, Variable Ratio Schedule (positive reinforcement), reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given after a varying number of responses have been made, Variable Interval (positive reinforcement), reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given following the first response occurring after a variable amount of time; produces high rates of steady response not good for initial learning, Fixed Interval Schedule (positive reinforcement), reinforcement schedule in which the reinforcer is given following the first response occurring after a predetermined period of time, tendency for responses to occur more often in the presence of one stimulus than others, tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same response, process of unlearning a learned response because of the removal of the original source of learning, temporary increase in the strength of a conditioned response, which is likely to occur during extinction after the passage of time, form of cognitive change that involves recognition of previously unseen relationships, improvement in the rate of learning to solve new problems through practice solving similar problems, observed reinforcement of the behavior of a model, which also increases the probability of the same behavior in the observer, observed punishment of the behavior of a model which also decreases the probability of the same behavior in the observer, negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness, learning based on observation of the behavior of another, the second stage of memory in which five to nine bits of info can be stored for brief periods of time, storehouse for info that must be kept for long periods of time; the third stage of memory involving the storage of info that is kept for long periods of time, strategy of positively reinforcing behaviors that are successively more similar to desired behaviors, the first stage of memory in which an exact image of each sensory experience is held briefly until it can be processed, mental repetition of info to retain it longer in short term memory, regrouping more than the short term memory capacity into units of memory, storage capacity of STM seven plus or minus 2, memory for meaning without reference to the time and place of learning, memory for specific experiences that can be defined in terms of time and space, memories are associated or linked together through experience, the finding that immediate recall of items listed in a fixed order is often better for items at the beginning and end of the list than for those in the middle, an alternative to the stage theory of memory stating that the distinction between short term and long term memory is a matter of degree rather than different kinds of memory and is based on how incoming info is processed, processed at a deeper level and will be kept much longer, processed at a shallow level and will be kept only briefly, the process of creating associations between a new memory and existing memories, the theory that forgetting occurs as the memory trace fades over time, the theory that forgetting occurs because similar memories interfere with the storage or retrieval of info, Old interferes with new; interference created by memories from prior learning, New interferes with old; interference created by memories from later learning, the theory that info stored in LTM sometimes changes over time to become more consistent with our beliefs, knowledge, and expectations, forgetting that is believed to be based on the upsetting or threatening nature of the info that is forgotten, remembering an even that did not occur or that occurred i a way that was substantially different from the memory of the event, a memory disorder characterized by an inability to retrieve old long-term memories generally for a specific period of time extending bak from the beginning of the disorder, disorder of memory characterized by an inability to store and/or retrieve new info in long term memory, a disorder involving both anterograde and retrograde amnesia cause by excessive use of alcohol, when they cannot remember something that is needed to complete a statement they make it up, can be engaged in a conversation but be aware of conversations in corner of room. ) Chapter 4 - Sensation and perception behaviorist who focused more so actions! 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